mirror of
https://github.com/teamchong/pxpipe.git
synced 2026-07-22 02:02:51 +02:00
docs(readme): cut to 217 lines — dedupe caveats, move benchmark prose to eval/ links
Launch feedback: too long. Structural trims only; FAQ answers, demo captions, and all measured numbers kept verbatim.
This commit is contained in:
@@ -2,56 +2,43 @@
|
||||
|
||||
**Cut Claude Code's input tokens by rendering bulky context as images — the same system prompt, tool docs, and history, in a fraction of the tokens.**
|
||||
|
||||
An image's token cost is fixed by its pixel dimensions, not by how much
|
||||
text is inside it. Dense content (code, JSON, tool output) packs ~3.1 chars per
|
||||
image-token vs ~1 char per text-token on real Claude Code traffic. pxpipe is a
|
||||
local proxy that exploits that gap: it rewrites the bulky parts of your
|
||||
request (system prompt, tool docs, older history) into compact PNGs before
|
||||
the request leaves your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Savings are **workload-dependent** — pxpipe wins on token-dense content and
|
||||
leaves sparse/small requests untouched — so these are measured snapshots, not
|
||||
constants. The primary, durable result is **input-token reduction**: dense
|
||||
system prompts, tool docs, and history go in as compact images instead of text
|
||||
(the example above is ≈25k text tokens rendered as ≈2.7k image tokens), every
|
||||
request measured against its own `count_tokens` counterfactual. **Dollars are
|
||||
downstream of that** — at current Fable list prices the token cut lands as a
|
||||
**~59–70% lower end-to-end bill** (~72–74% on compressed requests; full pricing
|
||||
math in the FAQ). But list prices can change tomorrow and the token count
|
||||
won't, so tokens — not dollars — are the number to watch. Reproduce both from
|
||||
An image's token cost is fixed by its pixel dimensions, not by how much text
|
||||
is inside it. Dense content (code, JSON, tool output) packs ~3.1 chars per
|
||||
image-token vs ~1 char per text-token on real Claude Code traffic. pxpipe is
|
||||
a local proxy that exploits the gap: it rewrites the bulky parts of each
|
||||
request into compact PNGs before it leaves your machine. At current Fable
|
||||
list prices that lands as a **~59–70% lower end-to-end bill** — but prices
|
||||
move and workloads differ, so the durable number is the token cut itself,
|
||||
measured per-request against a free `count_tokens` counterfactual in
|
||||
`~/.pxpipe/events.jsonl`.
|
||||
|
||||
This is what the model sees instead of text:
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
*~48k characters of system prompt + tool docs (this repo's own README,
|
||||
FINDINGS, and source), ≈25k tokens as text, ≈2.7k image tokens as this page.
|
||||
Produced by the real `transformRequest` pipeline: whitespace-minified, reflowed
|
||||
into full rows with ↵ marking original newlines, OCR instruction banner
|
||||
co-rendered on top. The model reads renders like this at 100/100 on a clean
|
||||
eval (see benchmarks).*
|
||||
*~48k chars of system prompt + tool docs: ≈25k tokens as text, ≈2.7k image
|
||||
tokens as this page. Real pipeline output; the model reads renders like this
|
||||
at 100/100 (see benchmarks).*
|
||||
|
||||
## Demo
|
||||
|
||||
**Fable 5 demo (the default, 100/100 reader):**
|
||||
**Fable 5 (the default, 100/100 reader) — plain left, pxpipe right:**
|
||||
|
||||
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1c8ee63a-fcd7-4958-917b-da788d718349
|
||||
|
||||
* Both demos with both panes on **Fable 5** (plain left, pxpipe right).
|
||||
pxpipe counts an exact token **10/10** across 39 imaged filler files
|
||||
(matches `grep` line-for-line), gets the multi-step ledger arithmetic right,
|
||||
and ends the session at **$6.06** with context to spare (73.5k/1M) vs
|
||||
**$42.21** at 96% full. One caveat visible in the clip: the pxpipe arm
|
||||
needed a nudge to match the requested one-line output format.
|
||||
|
||||
- **Fable reads what Opus can't.** The imaged phrase-count that Opus refuses (see the Opus demo below): the pxpipe arm counts the exact token **10/10** across 39 imaged filler files (matches `grep` ground truth line-for-line) and gets the multi-step ledger arithmetic right (8037 → … → 15,021).
|
||||
- **Same answers, ~7× cheaper.** Session totals after both demos: plain **$42.21**, context **96% full** (964.5k/1M — one task away from forced compaction) vs pxpipe **$6.06** with context to spare (73.5k/1M).
|
||||
- **Honest caveat, visible in the clip:** the pxpipe arm answered the count first and needed one follow-up nudge to also print the ledger balance in the requested one-line format; the plain arm followed the format on the first try. Legibility is solved on Fable — single-reply format compliance is the remaining rough edge.
|
||||
|
||||
**Opus 4.8 demo (Opus disabled by default):**
|
||||
**Opus 4.8 (disabled by default) — same layout:**
|
||||
|
||||
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f4e50137-31b5-426f-a6ed-b83f829b4a2c
|
||||
|
||||
*Side-by-side — plain Claude (left) vs pxpipe (right), both on **Opus 4.8** (opt-in; pxpipe is tuned for Fable — see the Fable clip above). Click the image to watch (Google Drive).*
|
||||
|
||||
- **Demo 1 — fix a failing test suite:** both pass; the dashboard shows pxpipe cut the request to a fraction of the tokens (real, server-measured **context/token reduction**).
|
||||
- **Demo 2 — a big file-context (40 files, ~382k tokens) plus a math question and a "count this phrase" task:** the math answer (a small **text** needle) reads on both. The phrase-count needs reading the **imaged** filler — so pxpipe-on-Opus can't read it and **honestly surfaces that it won't fabricate a number** (the documented lossy limit: exact values stay text). Plain, meanwhile, bogs down counting file-by-file.
|
||||
Text needles read fine on both arms; the imaged phrase-count doesn't read on
|
||||
Opus — and pxpipe **says so instead of fabricating a number**. That misread
|
||||
rate is why Opus is opt-in.
|
||||
|
||||
## Try it (30 seconds)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -60,57 +47,36 @@ npx pxpipe-proxy # proxy on 127.0.0.1:47821
|
||||
ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL=http://localhost:47821 claude # point Claude Code at it
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Open <http://127.0.0.1:47821/> for a live dashboard: tokens saved, per-session
|
||||
stats, every text→image conversion side by side, a global kill switch, and
|
||||
runtime model chips including GPT 5.6 and GPT 5.5.
|
||||
Dashboard at <http://127.0.0.1:47821/>: tokens saved, every text→image
|
||||
conversion side by side, kill switch, live model chips. Responses stream
|
||||
normally — pxpipe compresses the *request* only, never the model's output.
|
||||
Recent turns stay text; the system prompt, tool docs, and older bulk history
|
||||
are imaged.
|
||||
|
||||
Nothing else changes. Responses stream normally; pxpipe only compresses the
|
||||
*request* (your context going up), never the model's output. Recent turns stay
|
||||
text; the system prompt, tool docs, and older bulk history are imaged.
|
||||
## The honest part
|
||||
|
||||
## The honest part, read before relying on it
|
||||
|
||||
**It is lossy.** pxpipe is a *gist* tier, not a lossless store. In a
|
||||
needle-in-haystack eval, exact 12-char hex strings inside dense imaged content
|
||||
came back **0/15** on Opus and 13/15 on Fable 5, and the failure mode is
|
||||
*silent confabulation*: a plausible wrong value, not an error. Anything you
|
||||
need back byte-exact (IDs, hashes, secrets, exact numbers) must stay text.
|
||||
Recent turns do; a dedicated verbatim-risk guard is not built yet.
|
||||
|
||||
**Exact-recall escape hatch.** pxpipe only images Fable requests
|
||||
(`PXPIPE_MODELS=claude-fable-5`), so any subagent on a non-Fable model passes
|
||||
through as text. Route work that needs byte-exact values to one — globally with
|
||||
`CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL=claude-sonnet-4-6`, or per-agent with `model: sonnet`
|
||||
in the agent frontmatter. It reads from source (file/JSONL), not the imaged
|
||||
history. This covers exact-recall you route on purpose; it does **not** catch a
|
||||
silent misread you did not expect — that is the unbuilt guard above.
|
||||
|
||||
**Does it break real work?** Parity in what we measured: a 10-instance
|
||||
SWE-bench Lite pilot (the easy subset) resolved **10/10 on both arms**,
|
||||
pxpipe ON at $27 vs OFF at $54 token-equivalent, and 19 SWE-bench Pro
|
||||
pairs (harder, long-horizon) resolved **14/19 ON vs 15/19 OFF** at
|
||||
**-60% per-request**: verdicts agree on 18/19, and the single split
|
||||
(one ON fail) re-resolved 3/3 when replicated, i.e. run-to-run agentic
|
||||
variance, not compression. Small n, details and caveats below.
|
||||
|
||||
**Savings are workload-dependent.** It wins on token-dense content
|
||||
(~1 char/token: code, JSON, hashes) and *loses money* on sparse English prose
|
||||
(~3.5 chars/token). The built-in gate only images content where the math wins,
|
||||
calibrated against N=391 production rows.
|
||||
|
||||
**Model scope:** one `PXPIPE_MODELS` CSV controls which model bases get imaged
|
||||
across both families — default `claude-fable-5,gpt-5.6` (GPT 5.5 is opt-in;
|
||||
it degrades on imaged context). Set
|
||||
`PXPIPE_MODELS=off` to disable imaging entirely, or use
|
||||
`~/.config/pxpipe/config.json` with `{ "models": "off" }` (or a list). For GPT,
|
||||
pxpipe keeps tool definitions in native JSON (only verbose schema prose moves
|
||||
into the image) so tool-calling stays reliable; unlike the Claude path, the GPT
|
||||
path does not add or depend on Anthropic `cache_control` prompt-cache markers.
|
||||
The dashboard chips can flip any model live without changing client configs.
|
||||
Opus 4.7/4.8 was the original Claude scope but misread ~7% of renders
|
||||
(`10200`→`9400`), so it was turned off by default once Fable 5 hit 100/100 with
|
||||
identical image billing — opt it back in at your own risk via `PXPIPE_MODELS` or
|
||||
the dashboard chips. Everything else passes through untouched.
|
||||
- **It is lossy.** Exact 12-char hex strings in dense imaged content:
|
||||
**13/15** on Fable 5, **0/15** on Opus — and misses are *silent
|
||||
confabulations*, not errors. Byte-exact values (IDs, hashes, secrets)
|
||||
must stay text; recent turns do. A dedicated verbatim-risk guard is not
|
||||
built yet.
|
||||
- **Escape hatch:** subagents on non-allowlisted models pass through as
|
||||
text — route byte-exact work there
|
||||
(`CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL=claude-sonnet-4-6`, or `model: sonnet` in
|
||||
agent frontmatter).
|
||||
- **Real work:** SWE-bench Lite pilot **10/10 both arms** at −65% request
|
||||
size; SWE-bench Pro **14/19 ON vs 15/19 OFF** at −60%, verdicts agree
|
||||
18/19, and the single split re-resolved 3/3 on replication — run-to-run
|
||||
variance, not compression. Small n; receipts in `eval/`.
|
||||
- **Workload-dependent.** Wins on token-dense content (~1 char/token),
|
||||
loses money on sparse prose (~3.5 chars/token); a profitability gate
|
||||
(calibrated on N=391 production rows) images only where the math wins.
|
||||
- **Model scope:** default `PXPIPE_MODELS=claude-fable-5,gpt-5.6`. Opus
|
||||
4.7/4.8 misread ~7% of renders and GPT 5.5 degrades on imaged context, so
|
||||
both are opt-in via `PXPIPE_MODELS` or the dashboard chips.
|
||||
`PXPIPE_MODELS=off` disables imaging. Everything else passes through
|
||||
byte-identical. On the GPT path, tool definitions stay native JSON and no
|
||||
Anthropic `cache_control` markers are used.
|
||||
|
||||
## Benchmarks (reproducible)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -126,43 +92,51 @@ Measured with novel random-number problems the model cannot have memorized:
|
||||
| verbatim 12-char hex recall, dense render, Opus | 15 | 15/15 | **0/15** | - |
|
||||
| verbatim 12-char hex recall, dense render, Fable 5 | 15 | - | **13/15** | - |
|
||||
|
||||
### SWE-bench Lite pilot (end-to-end task quality)
|
||||
SWE-bench run totals, receipts, and caveats:
|
||||
[`eval/swe-bench/`](eval/swe-bench/) ·
|
||||
[`eval/swe-bench-pro/`](eval/swe-bench-pro/) ·
|
||||
[`eval/needle-haystack/`](eval/needle-haystack/) ·
|
||||
[`eval/gist-recall/`](eval/gist-recall/) · analysis in
|
||||
[`FINDINGS.md`](FINDINGS.md). (GSM8K scored 96% imaged, but it's in training
|
||||
data — memorized answers survive misreads — so we lead with the novel-number
|
||||
evals.)
|
||||
|
||||
10 SWE-bench Lite instances, Claude Code + Fable 5, paired runs through
|
||||
pxpipe ON vs OFF, graded with the official `swebench` Docker harness:
|
||||
## How it works
|
||||
|
||||
| | pxpipe ON | OFF |
|
||||
|---|---:|---:|
|
||||
| resolved | **10/10** | 10/10 |
|
||||
| request size vs own uncompressed body | **−65%** | ±0 |
|
||||
```
|
||||
tool_result string ──► wrap at 1928px-wide columns ──► pack ~92,000 chars/page ──► PNG[]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The −65% is per-request (`count_tokens` probe of each body before
|
||||
compression), so it has no turn-count confound. n=10/arm, Lite skews easy.
|
||||
Run totals, receipts, caveats: [`eval/swe-bench/`](eval/swe-bench/).
|
||||
The proxy intercepts `/v1/messages`, rewrites eligible bulk into image
|
||||
blocks, splices them back cache-friendly (static prefix preserved, prompt
|
||||
caching keeps working), and forwards. A 1928×1928 image costs ≈4,761 vision
|
||||
tokens and holds ≈92,000 chars, so text wins only above ~19 chars/token —
|
||||
Claude Code traffic runs ~1.91 (N=391). A per-request estimator decides;
|
||||
sparse prose stays text. Events log to `~/.pxpipe/events.jsonl`.
|
||||
|
||||
### SWE-bench Pro bench (harder, long-horizon)
|
||||
## Library use (no proxy)
|
||||
|
||||
19 completed pairs across two runs (2 dropped: checkout failed both
|
||||
arms), same setup, official `SWE-bench_Pro-os` Docker harness:
|
||||
```ts
|
||||
import { renderTextToPngs, transformAnthropicMessages } from "pxpipe";
|
||||
|
||||
| | pxpipe ON | OFF |
|
||||
|---|---:|---:|
|
||||
| resolved | 14/19 | 15/19 |
|
||||
| request size vs own uncompressed body | **−60%** | ±0 |
|
||||
const imgs = await renderTextToPngs(toolResultText); // RenderedImage[]
|
||||
const { body, applied, info } = await transformAnthropicMessages({
|
||||
body: requestBytes,
|
||||
model: "claude-fable-5",
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Verdicts agree on 18/19 (three instances failed both arms, one with
|
||||
byte-identical patches across arms). The single split (navidrome, ON
|
||||
fail) was replicated 3x on the ON arm: all three runs produced an
|
||||
identical patch and **resolved**, so the original loss was run-to-run
|
||||
agentic variance, not compression. Receipts:
|
||||
[`eval/swe-bench-pro/`](eval/swe-bench-pro/).
|
||||
`options.keepSharp(block)` pins blocks as text; `options.emitRecoverable`
|
||||
returns the originals of imaged blocks. Pure-JS runtime (Node and
|
||||
edge/Workers); `@napi-rs/canvas` is build-time only. Full API:
|
||||
`src/core/index.ts`.
|
||||
|
||||
<sub>We also ran GSM8K: 96% imaged. But GSM8K is in training data, so the model
|
||||
recalls memorized answers through its own misreads, inflating the score, so we
|
||||
lead with the clean novel-number eval instead. Reproduce:
|
||||
[`eval/gsm8k/`](eval/gsm8k/) · [`eval/needle-haystack/`](eval/needle-haystack/) ·
|
||||
[`eval/gist-recall/`](eval/gist-recall/) ·
|
||||
full analysis in [`FINDINGS.md`](FINDINGS.md).</sub>
|
||||
## Development
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pnpm install && pnpm test
|
||||
pnpm run build # regenerates dist/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## FAQ
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -199,7 +173,11 @@ Three kinds of *input* blocks, each behind a profitability gate:
|
||||
|
||||
Everything else passes through byte-identical: your messages, recent turns,
|
||||
the model's output (it is the response, the proxy never touches it), sparse
|
||||
prose, and anything too small to win. Non-Fable models pass through entirely.
|
||||
prose, and anything too small to win. Models outside the allowlist pass
|
||||
through entirely — the default scope is Fable 5 and GPT 5.6 only. Opus 4.8
|
||||
and GPT 5.5 read imaged content measurably worse (FINDINGS.md 2026-06-16),
|
||||
so they are deliberately opt-in via the dashboard or `PXPIPE_MODELS`, never
|
||||
silently imaged.
|
||||
|
||||
**Has it ever failed for real, outside the benchmarks?**
|
||||
Yes, once in weeks of daily use: the model recalled a person's name from
|
||||
@@ -207,82 +185,32 @@ imaged chat history and got it confidently wrong. No error, just a
|
||||
plausible wrong name. That is the documented failure mode: exact strings
|
||||
in imaged content are not byte-safe. Coding sessions tolerate this because
|
||||
the agent re-reads files before editing; pure chat recall has no such check.
|
||||
This failure mode is measured, not anecdotal:
|
||||
[the legibility audit](docs/LEGIBILITY-AUDIT-2026-07-01.md) quantifies
|
||||
exact-string recall off rendered pages (blind reads top out at 63% on dense
|
||||
identifiers, with every miss predicted by a glyph-confusability matrix) and
|
||||
documents the shipped mitigations — page geometry clamped to the API's
|
||||
resample cap so billed pixels actually reach the vision encoder, and exact
|
||||
identifiers (SHAs, numbers) riding alongside as text.
|
||||
|
||||
## How it works
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
tool_result string ──► wrap at 1928px-wide columns ──► pack ~92,000 chars/page ──► PNG[]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The proxy intercepts `/v1/messages`, rewrites eligible bulk history into image
|
||||
blocks, splices them back cache-friendly (static prefix preserved, so prompt
|
||||
caching keeps working), and forwards. Per-request events log to
|
||||
`~/.pxpipe/events.jsonl`.
|
||||
|
||||
The economics: a 1928×1928 image costs ≈4,761 vision tokens and holds up to
|
||||
≈92,000 chars (≈48,000 text tokens at the observed density), so plain text is
|
||||
cheaper *only* when it runs denser than ~19 chars/token. Claude Code transcripts
|
||||
are far below that (observed 1.91 chars/token, N=391). The runtime estimator (`estimateImageCount`) plus a chars/token gate
|
||||
decides per-request; sparse prose is left as text.
|
||||
|
||||
## Library use (no proxy)
|
||||
|
||||
Same engine, no proxy. Render text → PNGs, or run the full cache-safe transform:
|
||||
|
||||
```ts
|
||||
import { renderTextToPngs, transformAnthropicMessages } from "pxpipe";
|
||||
|
||||
const imgs = await renderTextToPngs(toolResultText); // RenderedImage[]
|
||||
const { body, applied, info } = await transformAnthropicMessages({
|
||||
body: requestBytes,
|
||||
model: "claude-fable-5",
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`options.keepSharp(block)` pins blocks as text (override the heuristic for IDs,
|
||||
hashes, paths); `options.emitRecoverable` returns the originals of imaged blocks
|
||||
so a stateful caller can recover them — the two halves of the fidelity contract
|
||||
for the lossy limitation below. Runtime is pure-JS (Node and edge/Workers);
|
||||
`@napi-rs/canvas` is build-time only. Full API, types, and constants:
|
||||
`src/core/index.ts`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Development
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pnpm install && pnpm test # 376 tests
|
||||
pnpm run build # regenerates dist/
|
||||
```
|
||||
**Why does the README read like an AI wrote it?**
|
||||
Because one did. Most of this repo's commits — the code and the docs — were
|
||||
authored by Opus/Fable agent sessions running behind pxpipe itself, reading
|
||||
their own collapsed history as image pages while they worked.
|
||||
|
||||
## Limitations
|
||||
|
||||
* **Lossy**: see "the honest part" above. Verbatim recall from images is unreliable.
|
||||
* Render latency: encoding PNGs adds time to large requests before they leave
|
||||
(partly offset by the model ingesting fewer tokens). Responses stream normally.
|
||||
* ASCII/Latin-1 well tested; CJK works but conservatively.
|
||||
* Runtime is pure-JS — runs on Node and edge/Workers. `@napi-rs/canvas` is a
|
||||
build-time-only dev dep (regenerating the glyph atlas), not a runtime dep.
|
||||
* Fable 5 only.
|
||||
- Lossy (above); verbatim recall from images is unreliable.
|
||||
- PNG encoding adds latency to large requests before they leave.
|
||||
- ASCII/Latin-1 well tested; CJK works but conservatively.
|
||||
|
||||
## Roadmap
|
||||
|
||||
Everything above is measured. Everything here is not. These are hypotheses, not
|
||||
claims; they ship as numbers with an n or they get cut.
|
||||
|
||||
* **Sharper glyphs.** The 13/15 verbatim gap is partly font legibility, not just
|
||||
the model. A per-char confusion matrix across render styles is paused mid-run
|
||||
(`eval/glyph-matrix/`); if a zero-cost style lowers read error, the gate
|
||||
compresses harder at the same fidelity.
|
||||
* **Effective context.** Dense text carries at ~3x fewer tokens as images. If
|
||||
that holds in the live window and not just the bill, 1M tokens holds ~2x the
|
||||
real content. Open question: can a task needing ~2M raw context run inside
|
||||
Fable's 1M once the bulk is imaged?
|
||||
* **Less active text, sharper model.** Long contexts degrade reasoning as they
|
||||
fill. Imaging old bulk shrinks what the model actively reads while keeping it
|
||||
reachable. Hypothesis: same information, smaller active context, better
|
||||
long-task accuracy.
|
||||
|
||||
One bet: longer effective context and a sharper model on long tasks, from the
|
||||
same Fable 5. Numbers or retraction, no hype between.
|
||||
Hypotheses, not claims — they ship as numbers with an n or they get cut:
|
||||
sharper glyph rendering (`eval/glyph-matrix/`, paused mid-run), whether
|
||||
imaged bulk stretches effective context (~2x the real content in the same
|
||||
1M window), and whether a smaller active context improves long-task
|
||||
accuracy.
|
||||
|
||||
## License
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user