# Installation

If you already have Magisk installed, it is **strongly recommended** to upgrade directly via the Magisk app using its "Direct Install" method. The following tutorial is only for the initial installation.

## Getting Started

Before you start:

- This tutorial assumes you understand how to use `adb` and `fastboot`
- If you plan to also install custom kernels, install it after Magisk
- Your device's bootloader has to be unlocked

---

Download and install the latest [Magisk app](https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk/releases/latest). In the home screen, you should see:

<p align="center"><img src="images/device_info.png" width="500"/></p>

The result of **Ramdisk** determines whether your device has ramdisk in the boot partition. If your device does not have boot ramdisk, read the [Magisk in Recovery](#magisk-in-recovery) section before continuing.

> _(Unfortunately, there are exceptions as some devices' bootloader accepts ramdisk even if it shouldn't. In this case, you will have to follow the instructions as if your device's boot partition **does** include ramdisk. There is no way to detect this, so the only way to know for sure is to actually try. Fortunately, as far as we know, only some Xiaomi devices are known to have this property, so most people can simply ignore this piece of information.)_

If you are using a Samsung device that is launched with Android 9.0 or higher, you can now jump to [its own section](#samsung-system-as-root).

If your device has boot ramdisk, get a copy of the `boot.img`.<br>
If your device does **NOT** have boot ramdisk, get a copy of the `recovery.img`.<br>
You should be able to extract the file you need from official firmware packages or your custom ROM zip.

Next, we need to know whether your device has a separate `vbmeta` partition.

- If your official firmware package contains `vbmeta.img`, then yes, your device **has** a separate `vbmeta` partition
- You can also check by connecting your device to a PC and run the command:<br>
  `adb shell ls -l /dev/block/by-name`
- If you find `vbmeta`, `vbmeta_a`, or `vbmeta_b`, then yes, your device **has** a separate `vbmeta` partition
- Otherwise, your device **does not** have a separate `vbmeta` partition.

Quick recap, at this point, you should have known and prepared:

1. Whether your device has boot ramdisk
2. Whether your device has a separate `vbmeta` partition
3. A `boot.img` or `recovery.img` based on (1)

Let's continue to [Patching Images](#patching-images).

## Patching Images

- Copy the boot/recovery image to your device
- Press the **Install** button in the Magisk card
- If you are patching a recovery image, check the **"Recovery Mode"** option
- If your device does **NOT** have a separate `vbmeta` partition, check the **"Patch vbmeta in boot image"** option
- Choose **"Select and Patch a File"** in method, and select the boot/recovery image
- Start the installation, and copy the patched image to your PC using ADB:<br>
  `adb pull /sdcard/Download/magisk_patched_[random_strings].img`
- Flash the patched boot/recovery image to your device.<br>
  For most devices, reboot into fastboot mode and flash with command:<br>
  `fastboot flash boot /path/to/magisk_patched.img` or <br>
  `fastboot flash recovery /path/to/magisk_patched.img`
- (Optional) If your device has a separate `vbmeta` partition, you can patch the `vbmeta` partition with command:<br>
  `fastboot flash vbmeta --disable-verity --disable-verification vbmeta.img`
- Reboot and voila!

## Uninstallation

The easiest way to uninstall Magisk is directly through the Magisk app. If you insist on using custom recoveries, rename the Magisk APK to `uninstall.zip` and flash it like any other ordinary flashable zip.

## Magisk in Recovery

In the case when your device does not have ramdisk in boot images, Magisk has no choice but to hijack the recovery partition. For these devices, you will have to **reboot to recovery** every time you want Magisk enabled.

When Magisk hijacks the recovery, there is a special mechanism to allow you to _actually_ boot into recovery mode. Each device model has its own key combo to boot into recovery, as an example for Galaxy S10 it is (Power + Bixby + Volume Up). A quick search online should easily get you this info. As soon as you press the key combo and the device vibrates with a splash screen, release all buttons to boot into Magisk. If you decide to boot into the actual recovery mode, **long press volume up until you see the recovery screen**.

As a summary, after installing Magisk in recovery **(starting from power off)**:

- **(Power up normally) → (System with NO Magisk)**
- **(Recovery Key Combo) → (Splash screen) → (Release all buttons) → (System with Magisk)**
- **(Recovery Key Combo) → (Splash screen) → (Long press volume up) → (Recovery Mode)**

(Note: You **CANNOT** use custom recoveries to install or upgrade Magisk in this case!!)

## Samsung (System-as-root)

> If your Samsung device is NOT launched with Android 9.0 or higher, you are reading the wrong section.

### Before Installing Magisk

- Installing Magisk **WILL** trip KNOX
- Installing Magisk for the first time **REQUIRES** a full data wipe (this is **NOT** counting the data wipe when unlocking bootloader). Backup your data before continue.
- Download Odin (only runs on Windows) that supports your device.

### Unlocking Bootloader

Unlocking the bootloader on modern Samsung devices have some caveats. The newly introduced `VaultKeeper` service will make the bootloader reject any unofficial partitions in some circumstances.

- Allow bootloader unlocking in **Developer options → OEM unlocking**
- Reboot to download mode: power off your device and press the download mode key combo for your device
- Long press volume up to unlock the bootloader. **This will wipe your data and automatically reboot.**
- Go through the initial setup. Skip through all the steps since data will be wiped again in later steps. **Connect the device to Internet during the setup.**
- Enable developer options, and **confirm that the OEM unlocking option exists and is grayed out.** This means the `VaultKeeper` service has unleashed the bootloader.
- Your bootloader now accepts unofficial images in download mode

### Instructions

- Use either [samfirm.js](https://github.com/jesec/samfirm.js), [Frija](https://forum.xda-developers.com/s10-plus/how-to/tool-frija-samsung-firmware-downloader-t3910594), or [Samloader](https://forum.xda-developers.com/s10-plus/how-to/tool-samloader-samfirm-frija-replacement-t4105929) to download the latest firmware zip of your device directly from Samsung servers.
- Unzip the firmware and copy the `AP` tar file to your device. It is normally named as `AP_[device_model_sw_ver].tar.md5`
- Press the **Install** button in the Magisk card
- If your device does **NOT** have boot ramdisk, check the **"Recovery Mode"** option
- Choose **"Select and Patch a File"** in method, and select the `AP` tar file
- Start the installation, and copy the patched tar file to your PC using ADB:<br>
  `adb pull /sdcard/Download/magisk_patched_[random_strings].tar`<br>
  **DO NOT USE MTP** as it is known to corrupt large files.
- Reboot to download mode. Open Odin on your PC, and flash `magisk_patched.tar` as `AP`, together with `BL`, `CP`, and `CSC` (**NOT** `HOME_CSC` because we want to **wipe data**) from the original firmware.
- Your device should reboot automatically once Odin finished flashing. Agree to do a factory reset if asked.
- If your device does **NOT** have boot ramdisk, reboot to recovery now to enable Magisk (reason stated in [Magisk in Recovery](#magisk-in-recovery)).
- Install the Magisk app you've already downloaded and launch the app. It should show a dialog asking for additional setup.
- Let the app do its job and automatically reboot the device. Voila!

### Upgrading the OS

Once you have rooted your Samsung device, you can no longer upgrade your Android OS through OTA. To upgrade your device's OS, you have to manually download the new firmware zip file and go through the same `AP` patching process written in the previous section. **The only difference here is in the Odin flashing step: do NOT use the `CSC` tar, but instead use the `HOME_CSC` tar as we are performing an upgrade, not the initial install**.

### Important Notes

- **Never, ever** try to restore either `boot`, `recovery`, or `vbmeta` partitions back to stock! You can brick your device by doing so, and the only way to recover from this is to do a full Odin restore with data wipe.
- To upgrade your device with a new firmware, **NEVER** directly use the stock `AP` tar file with reasons mentioned above. **Always** patch `AP` in the Magisk app and use that instead.
- Never just flash only `AP`, or else Odin may shrink your `/data` filesystem size. Flash `AP` + `BL` + `CP` + `HOME_CSC` when upgrading.

## Custom Recovery

> **This installation method is deprecated and is maintained with minimum effort. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED!**

Installing using custom recoveries is only possible if your device has boot ramdisk. Installing Magisk through custom recoveries on modern devices is no longer recommended. If you face any issues, please use the proper [Patch Image](#patching-images) method.

- Download the Magisk APK
- Rename the `.apk` file extension to `.zip`, for example: `Magisk-v24.0.apk` → `Magisk-v24.0.zip`. If you have trouble renaming the file extension (like on Windows), use a file manager on Android or the one included in TWRP to rename the file.
- Flash the zip just like any other ordinary flashable zip.
- Reboot and check whether the Magisk app is installed. If it isn't installed automatically, manually install the APK.

> Warning: the `sepolicy.rule` file of modules may be stored in the `cache` partition. DO NOT WIPE THE `CACHE` PARTITION.
